Saudi-led coalition admits deadly Yemen strike on bus was unjustified

The Saudi-led coalition in Yemen has admitted that an airstrike that struck a school bus last month, killing dozens of civilians, was unjustified. 

The rare admission of fault comes amid mounting pressure from the coalition’s US backers to limit civilian deaths in airstrikes.

The coalition’s Joint Incident Assessment Team blamed "delays" for the incident, which led to the bus being targeted in a crowded market in Saada province, resulting in 51 civilian deaths, including 40 children.

The coalition claimed it had intelligence saying Houthi leaders were on the bus and using the children as human shields, making the bus a legitimate military target.

But it also said delays in executing the strike and receiving a no-strike order should be investigated.

Mansour Ahmed al-Mansour, a legal adviser to Joint International Assessment Team, told reporters in Riyadh that “coalition forces should initiate legal action to try and penalise those responsible for the mistakes, which caused collateral damage in the area.”

The coalition pledged to hold accountable anyone who contributed to the error.

The conflict in Yemen has long been widely referred to as a forgotten war, but the 9 August airstrike on the school bus brought a surge of public attention and strong words from the UK and Saudi Arabia’s American backers.

A UK government spokesperson said Sunday: “The Government expresses serious concern at the tragic loss of life in Yemen over the last month. In the first two weeks of August alone, over 400 Yemenis lost their lives, including young children, and many more continue to face egregious violations of their basic human rights."

Last week, the Pentagon warned Saudi Arabia that it was prepared to reduce military and intelligence support for its campaign against Houthi rebels if the Saudis did not demonstrate that they were trying to limit civilian deaths.

The following day, US Defense Secretary James Mattis urged Saudi Arabia to "do everything humanly possible to avoid any innocent loss of life,” warning its coalition partner that American support in Yemen was "not unconditional".

According to munitions experts, the bomb that was dropped on the school bus was American-made and supplied to the coalition by its US partner.

The 500-pound (227 kilogram) laser-guided MK 82 bomb is similar to the one dropped on a Sana’a funeral hall in October 2016, an incident that resulted in the deaths of 155 people and an admission of guilt from the Saudi-led coalition, which blamed the incident on “incorrect information”.

Human Rights Watch has called the bombing of the school bus an apparent war crime, and urged countries to "immediately halt weapons sales" to Saudi Arabia.

Jelly Deals: Marvel vs. Capcom Infinite down to under £25

A note from the editor: Jelly Deals is a deals site launched by our parent company, Gamer Network, with a mission to find the best bargains out there. Look out for the Jelly Deals roundup of reduced-price games and kit every Saturday on Eurogamer.

It’s barely been a month since the release of Marvel vs. Capcom Infinite, the first new MvC game in six years, and already we’re seeing the price fall in certain parts of the internet.

Case in point, head over to Base right now and you’ll be able to pick up a copy of the game on Xbox One or PlayStation 4 for its lowest price so far – £24.85 with free delivery. The Amazon price isn’t that far off but at the time of writing, is still £29.

Obviously, time will tell if any particularly good Black Friday games deals rear their heads over the coming weeks and slash the price further but if you’ve been itching to get back into the MvC swing of things, this is a good start.

  • Marvel vs. Capcom Infinite on PS4 for £24.85 from Base
  • Marvel vs. Capcom Infinite on Xbox One for £24.85 from Base

This discount comes after we’ve had our first look at some of the upcoming DLC characters to be added to the game, which include Black Panther, Sigma, Monster Hunter, Winter Soldier, Black Widow and Venom.

If you’d like to hear what an actual fighting game expert thinks of the game, you can check out Wes’ review of the game, too.

Jelly Deals: Humble’s Extra Life Bundle features Kingsway, Pac-Man and lots of ebooks

A note from the editor: Jelly Deals is a deals site launched by our parent company, Gamer Network, with a mission to find the best bargains out there. Look out for the Jelly Deals roundup of reduced-price games and kit every Saturday on Eurogamer.

It’s that time again – there’s a brand new Humble Bundle on the table. This time around, Humble is offering up the Extra Life Bundle 2017, which collects a lot of the site’s previous offerings into one big bundle which can all be had to $15 (?11.36) for the next couple of weeks.

In this bundle, you’ll be able to pick up copies of Pac-Man Championship Edition 2, Kingsway, Leviathan: Warships, Guacamelee Super Turbo Championship Edition and Rain World, along with a litany of Pathfinder digital books. You’ll also get 10 per cent off your first month of Humble Monthly if you fancy it as well.

For what it’s worth, I found Kingsway to be a wonderful little game I’d recommend quite highly. It’s like playing an RPG by way of a faux-Windows 95 operating system. Guacamelee is also worth a look, especially as a sequel was just announced last night. Rain World is a puzzle-platformer that is, quite frankly, beautiful to look at. The Pathfinder downloads you’ll receive should be more than enough to get you and a group of friends playing various campaigns for the next few months, too.

As you may expect from the name, some proceeds of this bundle go towards Extra Life, a charity with a mission to help sick and injured children. You can choose how much of your purchase goes towards the charity in the little slider thingy at the bottom of the page.

Here’s what you’ll get in total:

Pay what you want

  • Majesty Gold HD
  • Pac-Man Championship Edition 2
  • Majesty 2
  • Pathfinder Online Early Enrollment
  • Pathfinder Roleplaying Game Digital Beginner Box
  • Pathfinder Core Rulebook
  • Pathfinder Player Character Folio
  • Pathfinder Society Roleplaying Guide
  • Pathfinder Society Pregenerated Characters
  • Pathfinder RPG Bonus Bestiary

Pay more than the average

  • Leviathan: Warships
  • Kingsway
  • Guacamelee Super Turbo Championship Edition
  • Pathfinder GameMastery Guide
  • Pathfinder Advanced Player’s Guide
  • Pathfinder Bestiary
  • Pathfinder Strategy Guide
  • Pathfinder Society Season 6
  • Pathfinder Ultimate Equipment

Pay $15 (?11.36) or more

  • Rain World
  • Pathfinder Society Season 7
  • Pathfinder Inner Sea World Guide
  • Pathfinder Inner Sea Poster Map Folio
  • Pathfinder Chronicles: Rise of the Runelords Map Folio
  • Pathfinder Chronicles: Kingmaker Poster Map Folio
  • Pathfinder Campaign Setting: Skull and Shackles Poster Map Folio

Pay what you want for the Humble Extra Life Bundle 2017

The one thing this bundle sadly doesn’t include is the many printer cartridges you’ll need to go through in order to print all those Pathfinder ebooks.

What does the Metal Gear Solid 5 PS4 Pro patch actually do?

Well, that came out of nowhere! On Monday afternoon, the official Metal Gear Solid Twitter feed revealed that a PlayStation 4 Pro patch for MGS5 was imminent, the upgrade landing in the early hours of Tuesday morning. As huge fans of the title, we were excited to see what kind of upgrades Sony’s higher-spec PlayStation 4 could deliver. The end result is somewhat lacking in ambition, but it’s better than nothing and at the very least, it’s a good opportunity to revisit what remains an excellent title.

Konami promised performance upgrades only in its initial tweet – which is kind of curious bearing in mind that the game mostly locks to 60 frames per second anyway – but later comms talked about an upgraded resolution. For the record, our measurements have the patch delivering a 2560×1440 resolution. Yes, it’s yet another PlayStation 4 Pro upgrade that delivers 1440p, with little else added to the mix. Stress test scenarios in certain cut-scenes do see performance improvements, though it’s not a completely clean bill of health. That said, we’re already looking at a highly optimal game, and drops from the target frame-rate are definitely edge cases. With the patch in place, expect gameplay to be as good as it ever was, if not slightly better.

In terms of upgrades beyond resolution and performance, it’s slim to non-existent pickings here. The Fox Engine is capable of more – much more – as we saw in the PC version of The Phantom Pain, which allowed for super-high resolutions, massively improved shadows and big boosts to draw distance, delivering a much richer open world. In short, MGS5 clearly has scalability beyond resolution and none of these elements have made their way to the PlayStation Pro upgrade. And with no checkerboard or similar smart upscaling solution in place, this patch does feel like a barebones release. After all, as we established a long time back when we built a PC to the Pro’s GPU spec, 1440p does seem to be the best natural fit for a straight, no-frills upscale to an existing PS4 engine.

In fact, it’s perhaps reached the point where Sony and perhaps Microsoft might consider adding a 1440p output option to their dashboards in order to take advantage of the huge range of monitors out there that support this native resolution. In the case of Xbox One X, while we should fully expect games to run a higher pixel counts, the fact is that there’s a vast range of well-equipped FreeSync monitors on the market that could potentially hand in some good results since the Scorpio Engine supports adaptive sync technology. [UPDATE: Microsoft has confirmed native 1440p support for suitable monitors, which is excellent news – and something else to add to our testing].

But right now, with MGS5, 1440p it is. Again. And this begs the question: if this resolution is indeed the basic, miminal-effort rendering sweet-spot for the PlayStation 4 Pro, where does this leave Xbox One X? What is its equivalent? Metal Gear Survive support for Xbox One X is confirmed, and we suspect that this upgrade for the legacy game may be en route for Xbox owners too. Checking out equivalent game upgrades for the new Xbox console could prove illuminating in figuring out a ballpark figure for how much more powerful Microsoft’s hardware actually is. With a slew of Xbox One X patches currently in development and said to be arriving within the launch window, we look forward to finding out more.

Future of Europe: EU’s liberals are losing their grip in the struggle to solve its migration crisis

Their kitchen is a rusty metal grill resting on two bricks. The lavatory is a nearby patch of waste ground. There is no running water and there are no showers.

Just a few hundred yards from Rome’s shiny, futuristic Tiburtina railway station, about 300 refugees and migrants live in a squalid encampment consisting of tents and shanty structures made out of scavenged timber and sheets of plastic.

Known as the Baobab Centre, it is one of the main nodes in the underground migration networks that have sprung up across the continent.

Baobab’s transient residents are the final trickle of a wave of migration from Africa and the Middle East that swept northwards through Europe in 2015, setting off a political…

Outcry over lonely dolphin abandoned in derelict Japanese aquarium since January

 The plight of a lonely dolphin and dozens of penguins that have been abandoned in a derelict aquarium in Japan since the start of the year sparked protests this week, with activists and ordinary Japanese alike calling for the animals to be saved.

The female bottlenose dolphin, nicknamed Honey, was captured in 2005 near Taiji, a western port town that has become notorious for its annual dolphin hunt that was featured in the Oscar-winning 2009 documentary "The Cove", media reports say.

The practice of Japanese aquariums buying dolphins from Taiji came under heavy criticism following the release of the film. The hunt involves driving hundreds of dolphins into a cove, where some are taken alive for sale to marine parks, while others are killed for meat. The Japan Association of Zoos and Aquariums has since agreed to stop buying dolphins from Taiji.

The operator of the Inubosaki Marine Park Aquarium in the city of Choshi in Chiba prefecture, just east of Tokyo, shuttered the facility in January citing a decline in visitors after the 2011 earthquake and nuclear crisis.

Honey and 46 penguins, along with hundreds of fish and reptiles, remain at the aquarium, an official with the Chiba prefectural Health and Welfare department said.

Employees have been regularly feeding the animals, he added, but photos and video taken by activists in March and August from outside the park show Honey floating in a tiny pool in an eerily empty facility. In another picture, dust-covered penguins can be seen perched on a crumbling structure near a pile of debris.

"Honey is a symbol of both the problem of marine parks and Taiji’s hunting practices," said Akiko Mitsunobu, chief of aquarium issues for Animal Rights Centre, a local group.

"When we went to check on the facility, she was showing signs of stress, putting her head weakly in and out of the water."

Repeated calls to Inubosaki Marine Park and its parent company went unanswered. A Choshi city official said they have also been unable to reach park representatives.

"I get feelings of danger and doubt from the fact that they are so silent about this," said Sachiko Azuma, a representative of local activist group PEACE (Put an End to Animal Cruelty and Exploitation).

"As a group that handles animals, they have a responsibility to explain what they intend to do with Honey and the other animals."

News of the abandoned animals spread quickly over social media, with Twitter users posting photos captioned "Save Honey". A resort hotel’s offer to give them a new home sparked a flood of retweets.

"I beg the authorities to get in close contact with each other and push ahead with this," wrote one Twitter user.

Jelly Deals: Green Man Gaming’s Halloween Sale now on

A note from the editor: Jelly Deals is a deals site launched by our parent company, Gamer Network, with a mission to find the best bargains out there. Look out for the Jelly Deals roundup of reduced-price games and kit every Saturday on Eurogamer.

‘Tis the season to be spooky, and as it turns out, Green Man Gaming has just launched its Halloween Sale range, offering up a batch of horror titles with up to 90 per cent off. There’s also a big clown as the header image of the page for good measure. Topical.

As for the games involved, the sale covers everything from newer releases like Prey, Observer and Resident Evil 7 to older gems like Left 4 Dead 2, Limbo and, of course, Deadly Premonition. You’ll also find Doom, Killing Floor, Call of Cthulu, Layers of Fear and more. All you need to theoretically scare yourself into a stupor over the coming few days.

There’s also the 20th Anniversary release of Another World in there for ?2.40, as well, which isn’t exactly a horror game but it’s an absolute classic that makes me miss my Mega Drive every time I see it.

Here’s some of what you can pick up in the sale:

  • Left 4 Dead 2 for ?3
  • Doom for ?13.39
  • Mad Max for ?6.40
  • The Evil Within for ?7.50
  • Prey for ?22.49
  • Dragon’s Dogma Dark Arisen for ?9.60
  • Deadly Premonition: Director’s Cut for ?2
  • Resident Evil 7 for ?20
  • Limbo for ?1.40
  • Rage for ?2.72
  • Observer for ?18.39
  • Inside for ?7.50
  • White Day: A Labyrinth Named School for ?11.50
  • Layers of Fear for ?3.75
  • Call of Cthulu: Dark Corners of the Earth for ?1.36

Halloween Sale from Green Man Gaming

For what it’s worth, watching the entire third season of Twin Peaks earlier this year was all it took for me to launch into another playthrough of the absolute insanity that is Deadly Premonition and, for that price, it’s a cheap way to guarantee an experience you won’t soon forget, to say the least. See for yourself in the Late to the Party that Aoife and Ian filmed earlier this year.

You don’t even have to be a Twin Peaks fan to see how fiercely that game wears its influences on its sleeve. Isn’t that right, Zach?

European Parliament votes to punish Hungary for undermining democratic values

Hungary faces the loss of its European Union voting rights after MEPs triggered a punitive procedure to prevent EU countries backsliding on democracy, the rule of law and human rights.

In an unprecedented vote that exposed deep EU divisions, the European Parliament in Strasbourg backed a report calling for Hungary to be sanctioned for its crackdown on NGOs, the media and universities.

Budapest’s foreign minister Peter Szijjarto denounced the vote to trigger the “Article 7” procedure as the “petty revenge” of “pro-immigration politicians”.

He also claimed that the vote involved "massive fraud" since abstentions weren’t counted into the final tally, which made it easier to reach the needed majority.

"It is a positive sign of this parliament taking responsibility and wanting action," Judith Sargentini, the Dutch Green MEP who spearheaded the vote, said.

"Viktor Orban’s government has been leading the charge against European values by silencing independent media, replacing critical judges, and putting academia on a leash," she said.

Her report accused the country of corruption,a biased judiciary, as well as raising minority and migrant rights.

Hungary has long been at loggerheads with Brussels over its opposition to the EU’s mandatory migrant quotas and strongman leader Viktor Orban has allied himself with Eurosceptic leaders such as Italy’s interior minister Matteo Salvini.

The vote was carried despite needing a two thirds majority. There were 448 votes for to 197 against and with 48 abstentions, in a sign that MEPs were preparing to push back against what has been dubbed Europe’s populist wave.

MEPs from the European People’s Party, the largest group in the parliament, turned against Mr Orban after many years of supporting him. His Fidesz party is a member of the centre-right pan-EU faction. Its leader Manfred Weber, who hopes to become the next European Commission president, voted in favour of punishing Hungary.

British Conservative MEPs voted against, which Jeremy Corbyn’s spokesman said was “absolutely shocking”. Downing Street claimed it was not consulted before the vote.

It is the first time Article 7 has been triggered by the European Parliament. Poland is already facing the procedure after it was brought by the European Commission.

Profile | Viktor Orbán

Although the “nuclear button” of Article 7 has been pushed, the ultimate sanction of a loss of voting rights is a long way off. EU member states must unanimously back any further action, which appears unlikely.

Budapest has already vowed to veto any attempt to strip Warsaw of its EU voting rights in the European Council in Brussels. Poland, in turn, has warned it will block any further action against Hungary.

Earlier on Wednesday, Jean-Claude Juncker, the president of the European Commission, called for a “stronger, more united Europe” in his annual flagship speech but criticised Hungary in veiled terms.

On Tuesday, Viktor Orban, Hungary’s populist strongman leader, spoke in the European Parliament.

He claimed that the verdict had “already been written”. “Hungary will be condemned because Hungarians have decided their country is not going to be a country of migrants," he told MEPs on Tuesday.

He said that European Parliament elections in May next year would be the battleground between pro-EU and nationalistic politicians where Europe’s future direction would be settled. Prominent far-right figures are floating the idea of forging a pan-European alliance ahead of next year’s elections.

Mr Orban insisted that all of the criticism against his government is based on Hungary’s tough anti-immigration policies, which include fences built in 2015 on Hungary’s southern borders with Serbian and Croatia to divert the flow of migrants and very restrictive asylum rules. He has also expressed his desire to remain within the EPP, which he said was "deeply divided" on the issue of migration.

A month after launch, how’s FIFA 18?

A month after launch, FIFA 18 is in an interesting spot.

When EA’s gargantuan football sequel came out I, and from what I can tell most people, enjoyed the game. Gameplay changes made for a fun, fast-passing and high-scoring game of virtual football, and some cool new modes meant FIFA 18 felt fully-featured. (For more, check out our FIFA 18 review.)

A month later, and with a couple of patches under its belt, FIFA 18 now has a mixed reputation among its rabid community. I’ve stuck with the game, pumping tens of hours into this year’s FIFA Ultimate Team mode, and I’ve played what feels like hundreds of online and offline matches so far. So, I thought it would be useful to run through the good, bad and ugly of FIFA 18 one month in – and to offer my thoughts on what happens next.

The good

The passing

Passing is perhaps the most divisive aspect of FIFA 18 right now. I love it and hate it (more on the hate part later). Passing is so accurate and fast in this game that you’re able to ping the ball about as if it’s a pinball. Players control low, driven passes with ease. This passing style means creating chances is easier than it was in FIFA 17, and this combined with what feels like easier shooting makes for plenty of high-scoring games.

After the miserly FIFA 17, I’m still enjoying this new, somewhat silly football simulation. However, it has led to some issues, which I’ll get into later.

Squad Battles

Squad Battles are a new mode for FIFA Ultimate Team that let you play against computer-controlled teams built by other players. What’s great is you get decent rewards (FUT coins and packs) for the time and effort you put in. As a father with limited game time, Squad Battles has made FIFA Ultimate Team a realistic proposition. Just a few matches on an evening a few times a week is usually enough to reward me with enough coins to buy a few Gold-quality packs. And, depending on how well I do in those matches, I usually end up with enough coins to buy a decent player from the transfer market. As far as I’m concerned, Squad Battles is FUT dad mode, and it’s fantastic.

The bad

The passing

FIFA 18’s passing is overpowered. It’s hard to see it any other way. And this had led some to say FIFA 18 has a skill gap problem. The theory is, FIFA 18 is an easier game than its predecessors, so the gap between so-called casual players (almost always a derogatory term within the FIFA community) and so-called experts has narrowed. While I believe skill continues to win out in FIFA 18, it’s hard to ignore some of the complaints around the passing in particular.

AI defending

FIFA 18’s first major patch marked a turning point for many players. Prior to the patch, the sentiment was largely positive. Post patch, well, sentiment nose-dived off a cliff.

The patch notes revealed tweaks to the goalkeepers to make them better at stopping shots and one-on-one situations. It felt like long shots took a nerf, too, which was welcome given how easy it was to score from outside the box prior to the patch. But post-patch, players felt FIFA 18 played too similarly to FIFA 17, with miserly AI defenders who would block shots more often than not. This, combined with the improved goalkeepers, can make for a frustrating experience.

With improved AI defending post-patch came complaints about the computer doing all of the hard work for the player on the defensive side, which was one of the chief criticisms of FIFA 17. This ties into the skill gap complaint. If it’s easy to defend (ie, let the AI do the bulk of the defending while you take a strong defensive midfielder, such as N’Golo Kanté, and run around like a headless chicken after the ball), this takes away the challenge of mastering manual defending.

The referees

It’s safe to say FIFA 18’s referees need some work. They’re just so inconsistent, and often let what look like outrageous barges go unpunished. It can be pretty frustrating to see your player turfed off the ball with what looks like a rugby tackle, only to concede a penalty for what looks like a tickle.

Also, I don’t know about you, but I find the refs get in the way of my players more in FIFA 18 than any previous FIFA.

Player switching

FIFA 18 feels like it has a real problem with player switching. Usually once or twice a match I find myself hammering the player switch button as I frantically try to get the game to let me control the defender I desperately need it to. In a game with such fast, direct passing, satisfying player switching during defending is key. Unfortunately it falls down occasionally, and for me this usually ends up with my opponent creating a chance or even scoring.

The ugly

Transparency

One of the underlying issues FIFA 18 faces – indeed the series as a whole – is a lack of transparency over how exactly the game works. This leads to complaints about everything from the direction the ball moves when you pass it, to theories that revolve around apparent scripting. In short, some players reckon FIFA 18 cheats them. I’ve seen some pretty crazy conspiracy theories that accuse EA of dipping into matches to distract defenders during injury time, of blowing the ball off course as it rolls along the goal line, or – and I’m not joking here – even tampering with player stats.

Such theories are easy to dismiss at first as an overreaction to a moment during a match that goes against you. And representatives of EA Sports have always said FIFA does not include scripting. That ridiculous rebound that lets your opponent score a dramatic, last-minute winner? That’s just football, EA says. That time your defender passed the ball straight to an opposition striker when you’re sure you pointed the thumb stick in the opposite direction? That’s football. Remember when Steven Gerrard slipped and Liverpool lost the league? That’s football.

It’s true that FIFA 18 contains plenty of odd moments that really do make you think. The FIFA subreddit and EA’s own forum are littered with clips of FIFA 18 not working as players think it should, such as this one.

The problem is we don’t really understand how FIFA works under the hood. Sure, we know how team chemistry works, and how player statistics go up or down depending on certain factors. But we do not know how those statistics and numbers and all the rest of it manifest on the pitch where players are clashing and the ball is on the move.

Why did your pass go awry? Why did your goalkeeper palm a shot straight into the feet of the opposition striker? Why did your shot hit the post and go wide? Why did your defender turn a blind eye to the midfielder who burst into the box?

@jarbafifa feels bad manhttps://t.co/KdSR0pWsqF pic.twitter.com/6rVWvPF3nA

— Damo (@damochoi) October 30, 2017

FIFA 18 is a game of skill, but it’s also a game of AI management. You control one player at a time, and so the computer controls 10 at any given moment. So much of the play is beyond you, out of your grasp, just outside your understanding, that when things do go wrong, it’s easy to blame the computer. FIFA just cheated me. There. Easy. I’ve said it myself, usually when I’ve conceded a last minute equaliser online.

This is why FIFA 18’s next big patch is so interesting. EA has said it will nerf passing in FIFA 18’s third title update, making ground passes and ground through passes less effective when “blindly” passing the ball between 90 and 270 degrees, where zero degrees is the direction the player is facing.

This patch makes me feel a lot better about FIFA 18 and how it works under the hood. It suggests player skill – in this case knowing a pass is more likely to succeed if you don’t blindly pass the ball – does have an impact. For all the player statistics and chemistry styles that make the numbers go up and down, making your players pass the ball in a realistic fashion is best – just like in real life.

What’s next?

Despite some of its issues, I’m still enjoying FIFA 18 quite a bit, and with Squad Battles I’ll keep coming back for more. Some of the common complaints you see online are overblown (FIFA 18 is still nowhere near as depressing to play as FIFA 17 was), but there are clear problem areas, such as referees and player switching.

It remains to be seen how this upcoming passing nerf will play out (it’s out now on PC but yet to hit the console versions of FIFA 18), but my gut tells me creating chances will get slightly harder, and so those high-scoring games I’ve come to enjoy might calm down a bit. Perhaps this is a good thing. Perhaps not.

We’ll see.

One in 18 migrants die crossing the Mediterranean as death rate soars amid divisions over EU rescue policy

The death rate for migrants attempting to reach Europe has risen even though the numbers trying to make the crossing has fallen, the UN Refugee Agency has warned.

More than 1,600 people have died or gone missing this year, the UNHCR said in a new report, with the rate of fatalities rising sharply, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea.

For every 18 people crossing to Europe over the central Mediterranean between January and July 2018, one person died.  Over the same period in 2017, there was one death for each 42 refugees and migrants attempting the crossing.

The UN report blamed the increase in the death rate on fewer NGO boats being active on the Libyan coast. In 2017, there were eight but now there are just two. The Libyan Coast Guard, which has two patrol boats, is now the main organisation intervening off the Libyan coast.

In practice this has meant migrants travelling in unsafe vessels for longer and further with less likelihood of being detected and with fewer boats able to help, the UNHCR said. 

Mediterranean migration

“This report once again confirms the Mediterranean as one of the world’s deadliest sea crossings,” said UNHCR’s director of the bureau for Europe, Pascale Moreau.

“With the number of people arriving on European shores falling, this is no longer a test of whether Europe can manage the numbers, but whether Europe can muster the humanity to save lives,” Mr Moreau said.

There were 172,301 sea arrivals to Italy, Greece, Spain and Cyprus in 2017 with 3,139 people dead or missing. At the height of the migration crisis in 2015, there were more than a million sea arrivals with 3,771 deaths.

So far this year, 1,540 migrants and refugees are dead or missing out of a total of 68,199 sea arrivals, which would suggest a similar death toll to previous years, despite fewer crossings.  

There have been ten incidents in which 50 or more people died in the Central Mediterranean, with seven such tragedies since June. Most had left Libya in an attempt to reach Europe.

The agency, which has demanded Europe acts to create safe and legal migration pathways, published its findings in a report on Monday to coincide with the three-year anniversary of the body of Syrian toddler Alan Kurdi being found on a Turkish beach.

Q&A | Dublin Regulation

The UNHCR wants the EU to remove obstacles to family reunification and increase the number of asylum seekers taken in from refugee camps outside of the bloc.

However, the bloc is deeply divided over migration policy with new fiercely anti-migrant governments in Austria and Italy.

Italy has threatened to pull out of the European Union’s search and rescue mission in the Mediterranean unless other EU countries agree to allow rescued migrants to land at their ports rather than just Italian ones.

The European Commission, which brokered the EU-Turkey migrant deal which is credited with dramatically cutting migrant crossings, said it should not be blamed for the deaths in the Mediterranean.

Instead “the cruel and dangerous business model” of people-smugglers should be held responsible, a spokeswoman said in Brussels before pointing out the EU was training the Libyan Coast Guard.

“Saving lives is our top priority and this is what we have been working relentlessly to do,” the spokeswoman said, before calling for a unified approach from EU member countries.