Targeting Intracellular Pathogenic Bacteria with Unnatural Proline-Rich Peptides: Coupling Antibacterial Activity with Macrophage Penetration.
Kuriakose J, Hernandez-Gordillo V, Nepal M, Brezden A, Pozzi V, Seleem MN, Chmielewski J.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2013 Aug 20. doi: 10.1002/anie.201302693. [Epub ahead of print]

De novo design of unnatural proline-rich peptides led to a potent antibacterial peptide that targets both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The peptide exerts activity without lysing bacterial membranes or causing hemolysis, and is stable to extended trypsin treatment. Facile entry into macrophages was observed, leading to extensive intracellular clearing of pathogenic bacteria.
Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

The 2024 Paris Olympics men’s 100m breaststroke has thrown a curveball. Despite featuring the world’s elite swimmers, every competitor finished slower than 59 seconds – a bit slower than usual. This unexpected outcome has sparked debate about potential contributing factors, with many pointing towards the pool’s depth. Let’s dive in and explore this controversy.

The Unexpected Results of Men’s 100M Breaststroke

The men’s 100m breaststroke at the Paris Olympics 2024 has been a major talking point these days. Despite featuring the world’s fastest breaststrokers, who regularly achieve times in the 57-58 second range, every single competitor finished slower than 59 seconds.

Check the full race Here

To put this into perspective, Nicolo Martinenghi, this year’s gold medalist, would have only placed eighth in the same event at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, where he won bronze. Even more astonishingly, Adam Peaty, the world record holder who defended his gold in Tokyo with a time of 57.37 seconds, could only manage a silver medal in Paris with a time of 59.05 seconds.

(the results of Tokyo 2020 Olympics)

In a sport where milliseconds matter, particularly in a final with the world’s top eight swimmers (it’s Olympics!), these results are unprecedented. This unexpected outcome has sparked intense debate about the potential factors contributing to the slower times, with many questioning the pool’s depth or other factors may have contributed to the slower performances.

Why do people say that? What’s different about the Paris Olympics swimming pool? Let’s dive into this question together.

What is the Standard of a Olympic Swimming Pool?

An Olympic swimming pool is specifically designed to host international swimming competitions, including the Olympic Games. These pools adhere to strict international standards to ensure fair competition and consistent results.

The latest Competition Regulations updated by World Aquatics in July has clearly set the swimming pool dimensions. Some key features that we pay attention to are as below:

• Pool length: The length of an Olympic pool must be exactly 50 metres. If there are automatic officiating equipment touch panels at the end, then the distance between the two panels is required to be 50 metres. (with tolerance±0.010 metres)

• Depth: Olympic pools must have a minimum depth of 2.50 metres. If it is also used as a multi-sport facility, it must be 3 meters deep.

• Lane: For the Olympic Games the pool must have 8 lanes with a width of 2.50 metres and an outer space of 2.50 metres. In some exceptional cases it can have 10 lanes, and the outer 2 will not be used.

What is the Size of Paris Olympic Swimming Pool?

The Paris La Défense Arena was a 30,000-seat rugby stadium before the Olympics. Now, they’ve turned it into a temporary swimming place with two 50-meter pools just for the Olympics. The stadium for divers and artistic swimmers is separated, related events will be set to the newly constructed Olympic Aquatics Centre.

But here’s the thing: the pools at the arena are only 2.15 meters deep!

It is shallower than the 2.5 metres rule, and much less than the recommended 3 metres deep.  Due to its reformation, some people think the government cared more about having lots of seats than a good pool for the swimmers, because if the pool was built deeper, there’d be less space for people to watch.

Why does the pool have to be so deep? What’s the big deal if it’s a bit shallower? Does this matter? Let’s check the reason, and get to know what factors will ‘make a pool fast’ or slow.

What Factors Will Make a Pool Fast or Slow?

Depth is said to be one of the most important factors in creating a ‘fast’ pool. The deeper the pool, the less turbulent the water becomes, and this is primarily due to the reduced interaction between the water and the pool bottom.

This is physics. “You make a deeper and a wider pool, and you … give all of those waves and all of that splashing and all of that moving water a chance to move away from the swimmers and get out of their way, which makes them go faster. It’s as simple as that.” says Christine Brennan, a veteran of 13 Olympics and an Olympics columnist for .

If we dive into the principle of it a bit more detailed, here’s how depth affects speed:

• Minimized Turbulence: In shallower pools, waves generated by swimmers or other disturbances tend to bounce off the bottom, creating choppy water. Deeper pools provide more space for these waves to dissipate, resulting in smoother, less turbulent conditions.
• Reduced Drag: With less turbulence, swimmers encounter less resistance from the water. This decreased drag allows for a more efficient stroke and faster speeds.
• Improved Water Flow: Deeper pools often exhibit more laminar flow, meaning the water moves in smooth, parallel layers. This consistent flow can enhance a swimmer’s buoyancy and reduce the energy required to maintain a horizontal position.

So a pool indeed can have scientific impacts on the speed. We all know that the athletes competing in the Olympic finals are the best in the world. They’re at a level where even the smallest details in their technique and mindset can make a big difference. For the men’s events, where strength and speed are even more crucial, the waves created by swimmers can definitely affect each other. They are trained to adjust to complex conditions and finding their own rhythm during the competition too.

Moreover, from a psychological standpoint, many athletes train in standard-sized pools. A lot of them are accustomed to swimming in 3-meter deep pools or at least the 2.5-meter standard set by FINA. A shallower pool might throw them off and make it harder for them to set new personal records.

Conclusion

The debate over this pool continues. While it’s fair because everyone is competing in the same conditions, it’s undeniable that a shallower-than-standard pool could potentially affect individual times and also make setting new world records more challenging. We’ll have to keep watching, and see how the rest of the competition unfolds.

Related questions

Q1: How to keep focused during swimming training?

A: The athletes have strict plans and stay in water 3-4h/day while doing other training. But for most amateur swimmers, that could be very hard.

For daily swimming, here are some additional tips:

• Use waterproof headphones: Blocking out external noise can help you concentrate on your swimming and achieve a deeper level of focus. Swimming can get repetitive over time. These swimming headphones has great IP68 rating that can bring music with you to help stay engaged and focused during your workouts.

• Practice mindfulness: Incorporate mindfulness techniques into your training, such as focusing on your breath or body sensations. This can help you stay present and reduce stress.
• Take breaks: It’s important to listen to your body and take breaks when needed. Overtraining can lead to burnout and decreased performance.

Remember, consistency is key. The more you practice focusing during your training sessions, the easier it will become.

Q2: Why does the athletes wear coat and headphones when coming up stage?

A: Yes, we often see the athletes walking out like a model! There are a few reasons:

• Maintaining body temperature: Athletes, especially those in sports that require a lot of physical exertion, need to maintain their core body temperature. A coat helps to prevent rapid cooling, which can affect muscle performance and recovery.
• Mental focus: Headphones can help athletes to zone out from the noise and distractions of the environment, allowing them to focus on their emotions and the moment. It can also help them to relax and recover mentally after the intense competition.
• Image and Branding: In many cases, the coat and headphones are part of an athlete’s carefully constructed image. It can be a signature look or part of a sponsorship deal.

Stereolithography (SLA) is a versatile and high-quality manufacturing and prototyping process. Although less widely used than extrusion-based additive manufacturing technologies like Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), SLA was actually the original incarnation of 3D printing, first appearing way back in the 1980s. Today, desktop SLA printers have been popularized by brands like 3D Systems and Formlabs, and the technology is used to create everything from jewelry casts to dental products.

With 3ERP’s efficient 3D printing service, creating a product or prototype using SLA is easy, and the advantages are numerous. For one, printing an object using an SLA printer is a very fast process, much faster than extrusion-based printing. Better still, the finish on a printed part is often remarkably smooth compared to FDM, sometimes so smooth it doesn’t even need post-processing. Another advantage of SLA is its many coloring options which include translucent materials, massively opening up the design possibilities for a printed part.

 

How does SLA work?

Stereolithography is one of several 3D printing variants of vat photopolymerization: a process in which a light source is used to cure liquid resin, turning it into hard plastic. Most SLA printers use an ultraviolet laser as a light source, focusing the laser beam in predetermined patterns onto the liquid resin, then proceeding to the next layer once the previous layer has hardened. Depending on the setup of the specific printer, mirrored galvanometers may be used to direct the laser beam onto the liquid resin.

SLA process:

• Vat filled with photosensitive resin
• UV laser directed at resin
• Laser cures 2D shape in resin
• When shape hardens, build platform moves to next layer
• UV laser cures another 2D shape
• When all layers cured, result is 3D plastic object

 

Material options

3ERP offers several resin material options for Stereolithography 3D printing.
These include:

• Resin 8119: A common SLA material with a temperature resistance of up to 65°C.
• Resin 8118H: A nylon-like resin with exceptionally high tenacity.
• Resin 8228: An ABS-like resin resistant to impact and to temperatures up to 70°C.
• Resin 8338: The most temperature-resistant of our resins, able to withstand up to 120°C.

Designing parts for SLA

 

Engineers familiar with CAD should have no issues designing parts for SLA. However, there are certain rules that need to be followed in order to ensure there are no issues during or after printing. A part originally designed for injection molding, for example, may not function as an SLA part.

1. Make sure SLA is the process you need

Although SLA is a fairly versatile 3D printing process, one should be familiar with other manufacturing options before deciding that SLA represents the best option. In general, SLA is great for producing smooth, detailed parts that are limited in size. It does not create especially strong parts.

2. Wall thickness

Unless super-fine walls are a must, it is best to keep wall thicknesses at a minimum of 1 mm, which reduces the risk of damage to the part after printing.

3. Holes

Since photosensitive resins generally have high viscosity, they are not particularly well suited to parts with small holes. Maintaining hole diameters of 0.8 mm or more is a good way to ensure that the holes do not disappear altogether during the printing process. Not possible? Try another plastic manufacturing process instead.

4. Fillets

Unsupported walls should be given filleted bases — curved sections instead of right angles — to minimize stress and maintain strength. Given the overall fragility of SLA printed parts, incorporating fillets can be the difference between a successful part and an unsuccessful one.

5. Long & thin sections

Sections of a part that are much larger along two axes than the other can be susceptible to warping. However, this effect can generally be reduced by using a generous number of supports. (You’ll need these anyway.)

6. Embossed & engraved details

Commercial parts often need to be marked with embossed or engraved text, whether for branding or informational purposes. Not all text sizes, however, will print properly and clearly during the SLA process. In general, embossed details should be at least 0.3 mm high and 0.4 mm wide. Engraved details should be 0.5 mm wide and deep. If this isn’t possible, there are techniques for marking a part after printing.

7. Orientation

This is something we’ll take care of on our end, but choosing the correct printing orientation for a part is highly important. The goal here is to reduce the Z-axis cross-sectional area to ensure stability.

8. Supports

Again, incorporating supports happens on our end once we’ve got your digital design, but it’s important to know how they work. Support structures are massively important in SLA, helping the plastic part maintain its form during printing. They are removed from the part during the post-processing stage.

Ready to Begin?

Contact 3ERP today for a fast SLA 3D printing quotation.

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Jul 11/22

How to Improve the Automotive Supply Chain

 

Russia’s recent invasion of Ukraine has affected the supply chain even more. Experts had predicted a return to normal by 2023. So, no one wants to put a definitive timeline on it.

The automotive supply chain took one of the hardest hits. Limited supplies and shortages negatively affected the market during the pandemic.

Supply chain managers have become an essential part of companies. They need to renegotiate contracts and manage current supplies. So, have you considered sourcing your parts in the United States?

If not, we have a must-read article for you. For instance, in our guide, we talk about current automotive supply issues and why contracting locally can make your company more resilient.

Keep reading on for more information!

Current Automotive Supply Chain Issues

There are two key issues relating to the global automotive supply chain crisis:

• COVID-19 pandemic
• Semiconductor chip shortage

Additionally, the pandemic created issues in overseas shipping and employee shortages. The semiconductor chip shortage requires extensive manufacturing. Even small delays can have a substantial effect on the entire market.

Types of Automotive Supply Chains

There are three primary tiers to the automotive supply chain. Vehicles have around 30,000 parts, including bolts and screws. The first tier encompasses companies that produce raw materials.

Secondly, you have in-between suppliers who produce components for cars and other industries. These are known as Tier Two Suppliers. For example, companies that make semiconductors.

Therefore, these are the bulk supplies for vehicle production.

Lastly, you have Tier One Suppliers. They manufacture finished parts that they sell directly to the OEMs. Mayco International falls into this category, supplying Instrument panels, door panels, and other finished parts to OEMs like Stalantis, Cadillac, and Tessla.

How to Improve Automotive Supply Chain Management

A strong automotive supplier or auto parts supplier is key to improving automotive supply chain issues. However, weak relationships hinder the entire process, from early production to vehicle sales.

Global industries are strong players. Therefore, they have caused many hiccups in the industry. A supply chain manager should look at renegotiating or strengthening relationships.

Another crucial element is developing other contracts with local manufacturers. Partnering with American companies can reduce dependence on global suppliers. These contracts ensure you have adequate parts for final production.

Diversifying your contracts also makes your business more resilient against future global disruptions.

Next, consider optimizing visibility. Use automotive parts and manufacturing platforms that use AI technology. Technology-based platforms help you identify:

• Where your automotive parts are
• Shipping times
• Shortages

Lastly, implement risk management plans. Your team must implement risk mitigation and contingency plans. Identifying and prioritizing risk management prepares your team and industry.

Improve Your Automotive Supply Management

The automotive supply chain took a large hit. Luckily, there are solutions you can start implementing. These include teaming up with local tier I and II suppliers.

Mayco International provides customers with engineering, design, and manufacturing services. Above all, we are headquartered in Michigan, ensuring you have timely shipments and re-orders.

You need a reliable automotive supplier when crises hit. Mayco can help you transform your ideas into products. So, check out our full services list and see how we can make a difference for your company!

back to blog

On December 4, 2021, DYZV successfully participated in the the 7th Guangzhou International Aggregates Technology & Equipment Expo.

During the exhibition, the staff of DYZV not only received many exhibitors with full enthusiasm and professional explanation, but also shared technical exchanges and industry information with other enterprises. The staff made the exhibition a success with first-class service and strong professionalism.

Quality comes from specialty. DYZV displayed its excellence with high-quality service. DYZV has realized intelligent and efficient mass production with intelligent manufacturing, and has integrated the exquisite concept into the production of each set of bearings from each process to every detail.

On the road of further promoting the construction of smart factory and exploring green innovation, DYZV has continuously improved the automation of production and the ability of independent R & D. At the same time, DYZV has successively carried out technical cooperation with colleges and universities such as Tsinghua University, Dalian University of Technology and Henan University of Technology, making every effort to build an intelligent bearing innovation engine, and vigorously promoting the deep integration of informatization and industrialization.

DYZV has continuously pursued independent innovation, improved the overall strength and core competitiveness of the enterprise, and produced high-quality and high-precision bearings. The company has forged ahead to achieve the strategic goal of green environmental protection and sustainable development.

Welcome new and old customers to visit and contact DYZV!

A big surprise!

 

In order to better serve the high-end global market, GQZ launched six boutique bearings with fabulous high performance in February 2022.

They include:

1. Double row self-aligning ball bearing – 2205TVN

2. Single row cylindrical roller bearing – NU210EM

3. 7200 series angular contact ball bearing – 7209AC

4. The deep groove ball bearing with dust cover on both sides belongs to 6200 size series — 6205-2Z

5. Blower bearing –  Spherical Roller Bearing 23084CAK/w33P64

6. Double row tapered roller bearing – HM129848-90366

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In 2021,GQZ have achieved good growth and won the praise of many overseas customers to our bearings. We hope that this batch of boutique bearings will better meet the needs of high-end customers.

 

Why GQZ Bearings

Founded in 1999, Wuxi Guangqiang Bearing Trade Co.,LTD, deals with precision bearings and bearing related products across a large spectrum of customers. Since the founding the company, we keep standing by the principle of “Quality First, Credit First, Independent Innovation” and our company has won a great reputation from home and abroad.

Working with You

Beitang District, Wuxi, China.

Tel: +86-510-82601571

Fax: +86-510-82615331

E-mail: [email protected]

Website:www.bearing-asia.com

 

 

CNC machining tolerances are important parameters when manufacturing products, no matter their intended applications. Nowadays, most industrial and consumer products require consistency to meet manufacturing standards.

Hence, product manufacturers rely on types of CNC machines for high accuracy in their manufacturing projects. However, it is essential to understand the concept of machining tolerances, their types, standards, and how to measure them because CNC machined parts’ dimensions deviate from theoretical values due to material type, machining processes, and design.

This article discusses CNC machining tolerances, their importance, and the common machining tolerances chart. Read on to learn more about the CNC machining tolerance standards and various factors that affect CNC tolerances.

Contents
hide

I
What are CNC Machining Tolerances?

II
Why are Machining Tolerances Important?

III
Types of Tolerances Used for CNC Machining Projects

IV
Common CNC Machining Tolerance Standards

V
Different Terms for Measuring CNC Tolerances

VI
What Factors Affect Machining Tolerances?

VII
Considerations and Tips When Choosing CNC Machining Tolerances

VIII
When Do You Not Need Tight Tolerances?

IX
Which Industries Need Precision CNC Tolerances?

X
WayKen Meet Tight CNC Tolerance Requirements for Your Projects

XI
Conclusion

XII
FAQs

What are CNC Machining Tolerances?

CNC machining tolerances refer to the permissible variation in a part’s dimensions or nominal value. Machining tolerances represent the required level of precision in manufacturing a product. Product manufacturers examine a part’s form, fit, and function to determine its tolerance criteria.

A “±” symbol often precedes machining tolerances. For instance, if a part with 3.0” requires a tolerance range of ±0.0010”. The final part should have a height between 2.999” and 3.001” to pass quality tests.

Smaller tolerances indicate a tight tolerance, which means the part requires more precision. On the other hand, the loose tolerance means the part requires less accuracy. Tight or zero-tolerance machining attracts higher costs because it requires more setups, extended machining cycle times, and specialized tools.

Why are Machining Tolerances Important?

All CNC machined parts and components possess a certain degree of intrinsic variation. However, tolerances help manage these variations, ensuring consistency and optimal performance of machined parts.

Improve Part’s Fit and Function

CNC tolerances are crucial to ensuring that a part interacts with another perfectly in an assembly. Clearly defining your tolerances helps to guarantee that CNC parts are compatible with other components. Similarly, some features of a part ensure it functions well in the intended application. Hence, any deviation from the permissible limits will render them defective and unusable.

Rule a Margin of Error

Any manufacturing process possesses a certain degree of variation. However, machining tolerances account for this deviation by determining the margins within which a part can function. As a result, there is a reduced chance that a part will fail or need to be reproduced if tolerances are specified from the start.

Control Machining Cost

Generally, tighter tolerances increase the cost of CNC machining. Machined parts with tighter tolerances require further processing, like grinding and superfinishing. However, you can complete a product with fundamental machining processes for looser tolerances.

Defining tolerances helps prevent unnecessary increases in costs when handling parts requiring tighter tolerances. Meanwhile, defining tolerances in parts with looser tolerances helps avoid paying for extreme precision.

Ensure the Product’s Final Look

High precision tolerance enhances the final appearance of machined parts. For instance, if two parts flush together without obvious gaps, tight tolerances must be defined for both parts from the start to ensure perfect assembly.

Types of Tolerances Used for CNC Machining Projects

Manufacturers across industries often use different tolerances for CNC parts machining because of the different types of machining processes and parts geometries. We’ll discuss typical CNC tolerances.

Standard Tolerances

Standard CNC tolerances are the typical tolerances machinists adopt for commonly manufactured products. Most machining experts use CNC milling tolerances of about +/- 0.1mm whenever customers do not indicate preferred tolerance levels. Various international organizations, such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)) the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Organization for Standardization (ISO) define the scope of these standards.

Limit Tolerances

A limit tolerance is indicated as a range of values where the machined part is acceptable so far its measurement is within the preferred range. For instance, 15 – 15.5mm is a limit tolerance for CNC machining, showing that the CNC part’s dimension must be between the lower and upper limit (15.5mm as the upper limit and 15mm as the lower limit).

Unilateral Tolerances

Unilateral tolerances allow variation in one direction, either negative or positive only. For instance, a tolerance of +0.00/-0.03mm shows that the machined part can be about 0.03mm smaller but not bigger than the indicated measurement.

Product designers often use these tolerances in designs where a component must fit perfectly with another. Besides, a part will not serve its intended purpose if it is too large or small. Therefore, ensure the finished part does not exceed the preferred dimensions.

Bilateral Tolerances

The variation from the defined dimension can be positive or negative when using bilateral tolerances, allowing a minor increase or decrease in the size of the part. For example, +/- 0.05mm tolerance indicates that the part can be 0.05mm longer or shorter than the specified measurement. These specifications are often applicable to exterior dimensions.

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerance (GD&T)

GD&T is a versatile system of detailing and communicating the standard machining tolerances. It is more complex than the typical tolerance systems. It uses feature control frames to indicate specific forms and dimensional tolerances of parts.

Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing keep the final measurements of a part within the specified boundaries. Similarly, it indicates the part’s geometric properties, including its flatness, concentricity, and true position. More notably, GD&T symbols ensure the dimensional accuracy of part features in some parts with higher processing requirements.

Common CNC Machining Tolerance Standards

CNC machining encompasses various processes with varying tolerances because of the different cutting tool types. Below are the standard tolerances for typical CNC processes:

Processes Tolerance Standards Milling (3-axis) ± 0.13 mm or 0.005” Milling (5-axis) ± 0.13 mm or 0.005” Lathe ± 0.13 mm or 0.005” Router ± 0.13 mm or 0.005” Router (Gasket Cutting Tools) ± 0.762 mm or 0.030” Engraving ± 0.13 mm or 0.005” Screw Machining ± 0.13 mm or 0.005” Steel Rule Die Cutting ± 0.381 mm or 0.015” Rail Cutting Tolerances ± 0.762 mm or 0.030” Surface Finish 125RA

However, you will discover that these CNC machining processes include tighter tolerances by comparing these values with alternative machining technologies.

Different Terms for Measuring CNC Tolerances

Different terms are associated with CNC tolerances, and understanding them gives a better idea of how to measure tolerances in machining. Below are typical terms you should know.

Basic Size

A part’s basic size is the size specified in the engineering drawing. Product engineers understand that manufacturing techniques often require some level of tolerance. Hence, product designers use the basic size and remain mindful of possible deviation during machining.

Actual Size

The actual size of a part refers to its dimension after completing the machining process. As such, the actual size represents the practical realization of the final product, while the basic size represents its theoretical values.

However, product manufacturers work towards bringing these two values within the same range even though it is almost unachievable to make the actual size the same as the basic size.

Limits

Limits are a part’s minimum and maximum allowed dimensions. The minimum permitted dimension is the “lower limit,” while the maximum allowed dimension is the “upper limit.” However, a part will be considered unusable if it falls outside these limits.

Deviation

Deviations mean the variances of the maximum permissible size from the basic size. As there are two types of allowable limits, there are two types of resultant deviations – lower and upper deviation. However, it is easier to calculate these deviations:

• Lower Deviation= Lower Limit – Basic Size
• Upper Deviation= Upper Limit – Basic Size

Datum

Datum is a physics term that means an imaginary line or plane picked arbitrarily as a reference point for measurement tools. It is also common in various kinds of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing areas.

What Factors Affect Machining Tolerances?

Machining tolerances are compulsory when defining the measurements of parts. A product will be made according to general tolerances standards unless the customer specifies any particular tolerances. However, different factors impact tolerances in manufacturing.

Materials

CNC machining materials have varying properties that can influence the achievable tolerances in CNC machining. These material properties include abrasiveness, hardness, and heat stability.

• Abrasiveness: Extremely rough and coarse materials affect CNC cutters significantly and can lead to faster tool wear. Achieving strict dimensional accuracy with these materials is often challenging because machining accuracy reduces as cutting tools change.
• Hardness: It is more difficult to machine less dense materials to high precision since their dimensions can change as the cutting tools touch them. Hence, it would be best to exercise enough patience when machining softer materials.
• Heat Stability: This is an issue common to non-metals. These materials gradually lose shape as the heat increases during the machining process. Therefore, this factor restricts the compatible processes for such materials.

Machining Processes

The choice of a machining process may influence machined parts’ tolerances as different machining processes result in varying surface features and roughness. For instance, manufacturing processes such as turning, milling, and grinding have distinct capabilities and limitations.

Furthermore, CNC machines with multiple axes may process different basic tolerances, and these machines dictate the type of parts they can work on. However, understanding the capabilities and limitations of the machining process helps achieve precise tolerances, especially when handling intricate designs or tight CNC tolerances.

Surface Finishes

Finishing operations such as painting, anodizing, and plating are further machining processes that can affect tolerances in machining. These surface treatments can alter the dimensions of the machined parts’ dimensions. Hence, it would help to be mindful of the choice of surface finishing to avoid the machined part’s dimensions falling outside the preferred tolerance range.

CNC Cutting Tools

The types of CNC cutting tools machinists employ in CNC machining affect machining tolerances. High-quality cutting tools with the proper geometries, coatings, and sharpness influence the precision of machined parts. Furthermore, the material being worked on and desired tolerances will determine the tool design and material.

Budget

Generally, the available budget determines the choice of machining tools and materials. Tighter tolerances require more time, and labor requires special machinery and tools, which are usually expensive. However, investing in special machining tools can ensure the machined part is within the required tolerance range and has superior surface quality.

Machinist Skills

The machining expert’s skill and experience are critical factors that impact tolerances in machining. A skilled operator can take necessary actions such as selecting appropriate cutting tools, CNC machine programming, optimizing machining parameters, and ensuring a smooth machining process to ensure required tolerances.

Considerations and Tips When Choosing CNC Machining Tolerances

Here, we will discuss practical tips on how to approach CNC manufacturing processes correctly to achieve the required tolerances in your project.

Consider the Chosen Material

+/- 0.005” is the standard machining tolerance for metal parts while +/- 0.010” is for plastic parts. Besides, some parts may need incredibly tight tolerances to fit perfectly.

However, achieving dimension precision can be challenging for some materials like copper and steel, which expand and contract upon exposure to variations in temperature and moisture levels. As a result, it is advisable to define new tolerance on the basis of this factor.

Examine Your Products’ Applications

The application of a product often determines the required tolerance levels that guide its production. For instance, not all parts need a tight tolerance machining. Parts that do not mate or connect with others need less milling precision. Hence, tight tolerances are not used unless they are required.

Employ High-Performance Cutting Tools

Factors such as using incompatible cutting tools, tools with dull edges, and tool deflection may cause dimension variation in machined parts. Long-ended features like deep holes and long shafts are often susceptible to tool deflection.

In addition, dull cutting tools expose your parts to unwanted complications and influence the spindles’ precision. Using sharp tools and CNC machine coolants will ensure precision.

Find Appropriate CNC Machining Service

Finding the right CNC machining service expert may help achieve ideal machining tolerance. A CNC machining service expert with adequate knowledge of the different machining processes, such as CNC milling, turning, and drilling, guarantees that your machined parts will conform to the tolerances. However, you can save costs and time by specifying tolerances when submitting your manufacturing requests.

When Do You Not Need Tight Tolerances?

Tight tolerances are specifications crucial to your product design for CNC machining. They indicate the permissible deviation from the specified dimension when manufacturing a product. However, tight tolerances are not practical or necessary in some cases. Below are some examples:

• Tight tolerances are not advisable when machining materials with high thermal expansion or contraction properties, including aluminum alloys, plastics like acrylics, and polyethylene.
• If the fit between components designed for assembly requires some variability, tight tolerance is not required. Looser tolerances can promote easier part assembly, reducing the risks of misalignment.
• Tight machining tolerances may be unnecessary in consumer goods that can accommodate slight variations in size without affecting their overall quality and performance.
• You may consider not using tight tolerance on a dimension that may not affect the fit and function of a product. As such, tight tolerance is not necessary for non-critical features that are for decorative purposes.
• Since tighter tolerances attract higher machining costs, it is not advisable to use tight tolerances when the cost is a primary factor, and tight tolerance does not affect functionality.

Which Industries Need Precision CNC Tolerances?

Precision CNC machining tolerances apply to industries where tight tolerances are needed to meet stringent design and functional standards. Some of these industries include:

• Medical sector
• Aerospace
• Automotive
• Defense and military
• Electronics
• Watchmaking and jewelry
• Oil and gas

WayKen Meet Tight CNC Tolerance Requirements for Your Projects

WayKen is the one-stop CNC machine shop to partner with to meet tight CNC tolerances for your machining projects. Our skilled team and advanced machining technology guarantee precise adherence to quality standards that clearly define your engineering drawings’ product requirements.

We also offer comprehensive precision machining services including 5-axis machining and mill-turn machining and different surface finishing treatments for the CNC machined parts. As your trusted CNC machine shop, our production process involves quality inspection, material certifications, and full-dimensional inspections with reports. Just contact us today to get started with your projects!

Conclusion

CNC tolerances are core to machining processes. These tolerances clarify the part’s specification, reducing turnaround time and machining costs. Besides, machining tolerances guarantee greater consistency and proper performance of machined parts. However, it would be best to understand material selection, part design, and manufacturing processes to ensure your CNC parts meet the preferred tolerances.

FAQs

What are common challenges to achieving tight CNC tolerances?

Tool deflection, thermal expansion, tool wear, and material inconsistencies are typical machining challenges that affect tolerances. However, you can address these issues through continuous monitoring and adjustments.

What is a tight tolerance CNC machining?

Although there is no specific range of tight tolerances in CNC machining, any tolerance within the range of ±0.005” is regarded as a tight tolerance. However, tight limit tolerance can go as low as 0.0001” even though it can be highly challenging.

Why do you need tight tolerance in CNC machining?

Tight tolerances are crucial in machining complex parts for the medical, aerospace, and automotive industries. These sectors require high precision tolerance to achieve components of an assembly that must fit and function perfectly.

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In a 2021 Network Field Report that surveyed more than 350 IT professionals, more than 70% said that network configurations happen daily, several times a week, or weekly. Nearly 50% of respondents also said they spend at least half of their time on reactive network tasks like troubleshooting, mapping, and configuration—leaving little time for strategic technology planning and digital transformation.

^{With its new version 1.1 software capabilities, LinkIQ is smarter than ever.}

Imagine if your IT team could speed up the time it takes to verify changes to the cable plant, ensure that new devices will perform as expected, and troubleshoot common network issues quickly—all without needing to be experts. When it hit the market last year, Fluke Networks’ LinkIQ™ made that a reality in one easy-to-use cable + network tester. And now we’ve made LinkIQ even smarter with the latest version 1.1 software release.

IP Ping Means Even Less Time Troubleshooting

One of the best features of LinkIQ is its ability to receive link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) or Cisco discovery protocol (CDP) from a switch, which allows a switch to discover connected devices and advertise its capabilities. This is ideal for identifying problems at the active equipment from the other end of the link, including which switch the link connects to, the switch’s supported speed and duplex settings, the switch port number, and virtual LAN (VLAN) assigned to the link. You can quickly and easily determine if a network issue is caused by a switch misconfiguration, or if a link was connected to the wrong switch port or assigned to the wrong VLAN—all without having to go back to the closet to check the switch information. If you need to definitively identify the connected switch port, LinkIQ even offers a Blink Port Light feature.

^{IP Ping expands the LinkIQ’s troubleshooting and connectivity testing capabilities}

In version 1.1, we’ve expanded LinkIQ’s troubleshooting capabilities and connectivity testing with IP ping (ICMP echo/reply). When you configure a ping test, LinkIQ can determine if a specific gateway or domain name server (DNS)—on the network or internet—is operating and accessible, which is useful if a device is having trouble reaching a specific address. To check latency, ping also determines the maximum round trip time through the network. To conduct a ping test, you can set up the LinkIQ’s IP address (IPv4 or v6) manually or through Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), a network protocol that enables a server to automatically assign an IP address.

Multiple Language Support

LinkIQ’s user interface now supports 12 languages—English, German, French, Japanese, Spanish, Thai, Simplified and Traditional Chinese, Korean, Russian, Italian, Portuguese—to make it even easier for anyone to test, anywhere. The keyboard also supports extended alpha characters and symbols.

Expanded Network Testing

Gesture-based touchscreen interface and clear controls make LinkIQ the easiest tester for qualifying cable performance and verifying connectivity. With version 1.1, you can verify connectivity and response time to key network devices with just a touch: tap the Autotest button, and if LinkIQ recognizes the Remote ID at the other end, it knows you’re testing the cable. No need to understand complicated industry standards and performance parameters or decipher graphs. The cable test shows you what you need to know to make sure your cable passes wire map testing and can support the data rate throughput you need, up to 10 Gb/s—all displayed in an easy-to-read “speedometer” graphic.

If the cable doesn’t pass the wire map test, the graphical display of color-coded conductors makes it very easy to see exactly what went wrong—a short, an open, or a miswiring such as reversed, crossed, or split pairs. If the cabling is shielded, it will also show whether you’ve got continuity of the shield. The clear speed-dial graphic below the wire map makes it easy to see if the cable supports the data rate you chose, from 10 Mb/s to 10 Gb/s. And while you might not know (or need to know) all the ins and outs of testing performance parameters, LinkIQ will tell you what caused the failure—length, wire map, insertion loss, return loss, near-end cross talk, or delay skew—in case you need to delve further.

More Confidence in PoE Testing

LinkIQ 1.1 gives you even greater peace of mind in PoE testing by showing you the actual negotiated PoE class (0-8) and wattage available for a powered device (PD) that occurs at both the hardware and software levels, ensuring a device can both connect to the network and allow for dynamic allocation of power from the power sourcing equipment, such a PoE switch. LinkIQ goes further by simulating the load that the PD will place on the circuit, confirming that the power and voltage are there.

And LinkIQ is now certified by the Ethernet Alliance. This means that LinkIQ has been put through a series of rigorous lab tests to ensure it is fully compliant with every requirement of IEEE 802.3 PoE standards and will work properly with all IEEE-compliant devices. It joins Fluke Networks’ MicroScanner™ PoE as the only EA-certified PoE field testers.

And More

LinkIQ can generate analog or digital tones for use with Fluke Networks’ IntelliTone™ Probe or Pro3000™ Tone and Probe, allowing you to trace cables or detect cable faults (opens, shorts, and reversed pairs) in a wall or telecommunications room.

And with today’s increasingly complex networks where documentation is vital, LinkIQ can store up to 1,000 test results with descriptive names that can be numerically incremented automatically to save time when testing in sequence. Then LinkIQ can export the data to Fluke Networks’ LinkWare™ PC cable test management software, which ensures that everything works together, from storing and managing results to generating PDF reports.

Just when you thought we couldn’t make cable and network testing easier, we’ve boosted our LinkIQ with the Version 1.1. software release. Current owners can download the update here. The LinkIQ Cable+Network Tester with the new 1.1 software is available online or from Fluke Networks resellers worldwide. Questions? Contact us!

Contact a Specialist

Keep learning

• • VLAN Troubleshooting with LinkIQ
• • Troubleshoot Fiber Polarity Issues
• • Ethernet Alliance Certifies the First Field Tester

On Mar 22, 2023, after a three-year project and construction period, the production plant for wax and polymer emulsions in Bukit Selambau Industrial Park, equipped with state-of-the-art technology, was ceremonially inaugurated.

Dr Michael Münzing – managing partner of the Münzing group – thanked all those involved in the realization of the project. Among the approximately 180 guests were employees, the Board of Directors of the group, international guests from the APAC regions, public representatives as well as the representative from Invest Kedah office.

Münzing invests over 50 million Euro and goes into production in the Bukit Selambau Industrial Park at the Group’s largest site in Asia. Over 50 new jobs will be created in the region. Striving to deliver consistent yet high quality products to support our regional customers grow their businesses, our newest plant is strategically located in the heart of Asia with easy access to the sea and airports that connect to many major cities within Asia. Imparted with trade treaties with many neighboring countries including India, China, North and Southeast Asia, the new plant will certainly help our customers buy our products effortlessly.

Start of production

In Oct 2022, the first product batch was produced in the new plant. Currently, approximately 20 customers are being sampled with additional batches. The goal is to ramp up production to 100% by Q3 2023 and produce a portfolio of up to 100 products at the site in the future.

The completed plant is equipped with state-of-the-art technology and capable to produce water-based wax emulsions and other specialty additives such as liquid defoamers on an area of more than 18,000 m2. The products are mainly used in the construction industry and for architectural paints and make a decisive contribution to improved processing and durability of plasters, exterior and interior paints used in construction.

Environment and sustainability

In addition to a complete networking of production, logistics and infrastructure via process control systems, great importance was attached to the most energy-saving design possible during the planning of the plant. This includes an in-house combined heat and power plant, which generates environmentally friendly electricity and heat, and a sophisticated system for recovering energy in all heating and cooling processes. 70% of the energy used flows back into the production plant through the recovery process.

Event tip

The new Pacific Coatings Show will bring together the whole supply chain in the Asia-Pacific region on October 18-20 in Jakarta, Indonesia. The show and conference will provide ampleopportunity to network, make and nurture business contacts and benefitfrom exclusive coatings technology information updates.